. . . . . . . . . . . One of the following combinations of characters true: (1) lateral body scales in horizontal, not, oblique rows (Fig. . . . . . Longitudinal scale rows around thickest part of body ≤ 2, 8b. . . . Coastal Taipan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fig. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8B); second infralabial scales in contact medially. . . . . . . . . . Subcaudal scales paired, and at least one of the following characters or combinations of char-, acters also true: (1) temporal scales absent (Fig. subcaudals scales paired (Fig. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . The authors retain copyright for all original line drawings that are used in the figures herein. 7), 6a. Bureau of Science, Manila, Philippines. . . . Distribution of a little-known sea snake, 2009. The inland taipan inhabits the semi-arid parts of central east Australia. . 36A), 5b. . . . . . . 2007; Siler et al. . Females are also generally better at hunting than males. . . Light vertebral stripe present; no prominent dorsal body blotches; quadrangular black spots, 2b. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31B), 2a. . . Results: Association of attitudes with sources of information and the inter-attitudinal association was determined via Fisher’s Exact Test. . . . . . . . . This species of spider is not indigenous to the Philippines and its actual status in the islands has not been realistically confirmed. . . . . . . . . . . . 14–18. . . . . . . . . . . . . The majority (86%) of the respondents favored the conservation of the taxa, despite the perceived fear (81%) and dislike for snakes (83%). . . . . 2. . . . . . Rostral scale fragmented into four or five smaller scales (Fig. . Thus, we include this genus and species in the key based on the strength of a single. Dorsal body blotches > 30, irregularly shaped, forming poorly defined dark crossbands; num-, ber of ventral body scales > 180; number of ventral body scales + subcaudal scales > 230. . . . 1a. . . . . . . . . . . Dorsal body scales in 17 longitudinal rows at midbody, 2a. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Longitudinal rows of dorsal body scales at midbody 21–23 (males), 21–29 (females); dorsal, scales on head 9–16 along a line passing between the supraocular scales (Fig. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4. . . . . . . 23, . . . . . . . . . Evolutionary processes of diversification in a model island archipelago. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nostrils positioned more dorsally than laterally; additionally, one of the following combinations, of characters is true: (1) supralabial scales do not border eye; frontal scale fragmented into, multiple smaller scales; internasal scales paired, positioned posterior to nasal scales; nasal scales, paired and in contact with each other medially (Fig. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Edition Chimaira, Frankfurter Beiträge zur Naturkunde, 25, Frankfurt am Main, 312 pp. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Following the definition used by Dowling (1951): any of the scales on the, Any of the dorsal body scales located on the middorsal line of the body. . . . . . . 201 1; Brown et al. . . . . . . . . . . Access scientific knowledge from anywhere. . . . . . . . . . . . . 3b. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Crossbands absent from tail and posterior part od body; ventral bands absent; number of infral-, abial scales in contact with anterior and posterior chin shields five, 7b. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Results showed that most students lack knowledge of snake species, having a mean score of 2.2 out of ten. . 2013a) that resulted in the collection of many rare snake species from throughout the archipelago’s major faunal regions (e.g., Phenix et al. . . . . . Resources and the University of the Philippines, Manila, Philippines. . . . Although Hemibungarus and Oxyrhabdium have been included in previous species-level phylogenies, the affinities of the other three Philippine endemic genera are completely unknown. . . . . . . . . . . . . Longitudinal scale rows around midbody 31–39; dorsal body scales on thickest part of body, 20a. . Dorsal body surface with pale longitudinal stripes, rather than crossbands, 2a. . . 17D); dorsal body scales in 13 longitudinal rows throughout. . . . . © WildSiargao 2021 / Theme: Louis by ThemeFurnace. . . . . . Our results corroborate the uniqueness of the new species with respect to all other Philippine andSundaic taxa, including the species most closely related to it:Calliophis bivirgatus, C. bilineatus, C. philippinus,andC. . . White-breasted woodswallows (Artamus leucorynchus). . . . . . . . . . . Frontal scale (reddish brown), prefrontal. Three supralabial scales, second very elongate (Fig. . . . . . . Dorsal body scales in 28 longitudinal rows behind head; dorsal stripe 15 scale rows wide on, scale (blue; or posterior part of nasal scale, if nasal scale incompletely sdivided), preocular scale (green), second supralabial, scale (purplish-gray), third supralabial scale (reddish brown). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . The snakes of Sulawesi. ies; and KU’s IACUC animal care facility approved protocols for our handling of live animals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Adults uniform light brown to reddish brown throughout the length of body and tail; no dark-, 3b. Dorsal body scales in 13–15 longitudinal rows at midbody; last ventral body scale undivided, . If you are one of the editors of this guide it should copy everything, but if you're not, it will only copy the licensed content. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . We show that sea snake body shape and size are strongly correlated with the proportion of burrowing prey in the diet. Frontal scale (purplish-gray), inter-, (KU 327731). . . . . . . . . This green dazzler, Trimeresurus schultzei, is endemic to the Philippines, being found on the islands of Palawan, Balabac, and Culion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Dorsal body scales in 15–17 longitudinal rows that do not reduce posteriorly; subcaudal scales, 4b. . we examined two specimens (KU 315197–98) from Pasonanca Park, Zamboanga City Province. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3, . The snakes of the genus, 1970a. . . For the most part, such characters include the num-, ber, shape, and arrangement of various types of scales, or the relative sizes of different parts of the, head, body, and tail. . But keep your eyes out for and stay clear of those cobras, pit vipers, coral snakes and sea snakes! . . . . . . ventral surface of the body anterior to the precloacal scale and in contact with both of the first, Barangay Balbalasang, Municipality of Balbalan, Kalinga, Guimaras Island, Guimaras Province, Philippines, Eye Falls (crossing of Dayhopan and Agay rivers, Mt. . . . . . . Prefrontal scales (green), internasal scales (purplish-gray). . . . . 27, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Single heat sensing pit present between eye and nostril (Fig. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Usually two loreal scales; endemic to Sulu Archipelago, 2b. . . . . . . . . . . 13B), subcaudal scales paired (Fig. . . . . . . 43B); maxillary teeth 22–25, 1a. . . . . . . . . Dorsal body scales in 14–18 longitudinal rows at midbody, 2a. . . . . . 15, . . . . . 18, . . . . . Contributions to a review of Philippine snakes, XIV, 1959. . . . . . . . . . . . Pupil circular or slightly vertically elliptical (Fig. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1963 [1962]. . . Get the best deals on Snakes For Sale Philippines ads in Philippines. . . . . . . 10C); parietal scales in contact with each other medially (Figs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (c) budak, some rights reserved (CC BY-NC) 3. . . . . . . Distinct black stripe present along border of ventral scales and first longitudinal row of dorsal, body scales, and along border of second and third dorsal body scale rows; additional distinct, dark stripes present on posterior third of body, along border of fourth and fifth, and fifth and, 1a. . . Recently, Cyclocoridae (formerly Lamprophiidae: Cyclocorinae) was proposed as a distinct, Philippine-endemic family, containing four genera: Cyclocorus, Hologerrhum, Myersophis, and Oxyrhabdium. . . . . 24b); second supralabial scale in contact with scale forming ante-, Rostral scale (blue); arrow indicates either (A) beaked shape of rostral scale, or (B) rounded shape of rostral scale. . . . . Adams, Ilocos Norte Province, Luzon Island, Municipality of Pasonanca, Zamboanga del Sur, Mt. . . . . . Dorsal body scales in 16 or 18 longitudinal rows on anterior third of body; mid-dorsal body, 1b. . . . . . . . . . . 33, . . . . . . . . . prefrontal scale less than twice size of supraocular scale; (5) temporal scales present, nasal scale, divided, dorsal body scales not in 15 longitudinal rows throughout length of body. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3, . . . . . . . . . . 1b. . . . . . . Head of full-grown snake can be massive and bulky. . . . 9, . . 40A), 3b. . . . . . Midbody scales in < 45 longitudinal rows around body, 8a. . . . . . . . . . One of the following combinations of characters true: (1) dorsal body scales in 17 longitudinal, rows at midbody and background color of ventral body scales pale; (2) dorsal body scales in 19, longitudinal rows at midbody and background color of ventral body scales pinkish in life, Represented in the Philippines by a single genus, Represented in the Philippines by a single species. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19, Acknowledgements . . . . . The snakes of the genus, 1968 [1967]. . (*) Illustration was reflected, along a vertical axis; (**) one side of illustration is a mirror of the other; (***) composite illustra-. . . . . . . . . . . . . Snakes and lizards known from Negros, with descriptions of new species and new. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Internasal scales absent, nasal scales in contact with each other medially; width of ventral body, 2a. . One of the following combinations of characters true: (1) dorsal body scales in 13 longitudinal, rows at midbody, vertebral scales similar in size to other dorsal body scales; (2) dorsal body, scales in 15 longitudinal rows at midbody, vertebral scales much lar, scales, and a black postocular stripe present, (KU 328516). . . On the need to follow rigorously the Rules of the. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . The snakes themselves are not actually poisonous; so the meat of a snake can usually be eaten without risk. . . . Dorsal body scales in 21 longitudinal rows at 25, 1a. . . . . . . . . . The overall community similarity index of the archipelago was 0.545 implying that CIG has moderate overlap of amphibian and reptilian species composition. . . . The discovery of a strikingly distinct and phylogenetically divergent snake lineage on these landmasses joins numerous related studies calling for a wholesale reconsideration of the Pleistocene Aggregate Island Complex model (the PAIC paradigm of diversification) biogeographic framework. . . . . . . . . . . . 45B), 1a. . . . In the analysis of toxic substances, the most commonly used value is LD 50 (median lethal dose). . . . . 16), 1a. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1a. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . An examination of biographical materials reveals that Zhu Changwen wrote his gazetteer in opposition to the New Policies of Wang Anshi (1021-1086); it was intended as a contribution toward a new empire-wide gazetteer, Aircraft Design – a Conceptual Approach – Fourth edition; and RDSStudent: Software for Aircraft Design, Sizing and PerformanceRaymerD.P.American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1801 Alexander Bell Drive, Suite 500, Reston, VA 20191-4344, USA. . . . . . . Scales on head smooth (Fig. . . . . . 46A); third supra-. . . . . . . . . . . . . . (2018). . Dorsal body scales in 17 smooth longitudinal rows throughout length of body; number of. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ed in Leviton et al.’s (2018) checklist of Philippine snakes, with a few exceptions that account for. . . . . . . . . . Mental scale elongate, not triangular (Fig. . Contributions to a review of Philippine snakes, XII. . . . Dendrelaphis caudolineatus is a common species of colubrid snake known commonly as the striped bronzeback or bronze tree snake. . . . . . . Contributions to a review of Philippine snakes, III. . 15, . . Many harmless snakes mimic their coloration. Width of preocular scale about equal to width of ocular scale; width of rostral scale ~0.75 head, width; nasal scale nearly, but not completely, 3b. . . 1993). . . . . . . . . . . 25B); ventral body scales lateral-, ly hinged, and their posterior edges notched Fig. . Makiling, Laguna Province, Luzon Island, Barangay Maddiangat, Mt. . . . . . . . . . . A gular scale along the ventral midline of the throat. 8A); number of loreal scales + preocular scales ≥ 4; supralabial, scales do not border eye (Fig. . . . . . Brown snakes (Storeria dekayi) are very commonly encountered around human habitation, so it shouldn’t be surprising that they also make good pets. All rights reserved. . . . . Interspaces between black transverse dorsal bands thin, less than two scale rows wide. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, USA. . A. . . calligaster: H. calligaster, H.gemianulis,andH. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Parietal scales in contact with supralabial scales (Fig. . . . . . . . . . . . . 31, . . . . . . . behind the ventral body scales and before the subcaudal scales; may be single or divided. . . . Nevertheless, the northeast Mindanao geographical area (Caraga Region) appears to have the highest herpetological species diversity (at least 126 species) of any comparably-sized Philippine faunal subregion. . . . . . . . . . . . . 2018), and we do not include this genus or species in the key and believe it should. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Note horizontally elongate pupil in, 1a. . . . . . . . Province, Camiguin Sur Island, Philippines. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27, . . . . . Any of enlarged scales on the dorsal surface of the head, situated between the, A transverse band of color located on the dorsal surface of the head between the, Any of the scales on the side of the head bordering the mouth opening; supralabial. . Nasal scales not fused to internasal scales; dorsal surface of body uniformly colored above, 3a. . . . . . . 2, . . . . . . . 32A); prominent white spots present along lateral edge of ventral body scales; many dark, usu-, ally triangularly-shaped, blotches on ventral body scales, ate size; supralabial scales 7–8, two or three bordering eye; anterior temporal scale usually one, (Fig. . . . . (2014), and W. mussen 1989 2011, 2014; Kharin and Hallerman 2009; Sherratt et al. . . Reproduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nasal scales separated by internasal scales; width of ventral body scales > 1/3 body width, 1b. de, 1804 (Reptilia: Squamata: Viperidae). . . . . Frontal scale much larger than interparietal scale (Fig. Frontal scale and parietal scales more or less fragmented (Fig. . . . Usually eight supralabial scales, three bordering eye, 1a. . . . . . . 29B); dorsal, body scales usually in 15 or 17 longitudinal rows at midbody, 6a. . . Additionally, the novel phylogeny of Boiga presented here is informative for updating species-level taxonomy within the genus. . . . . . . . Anterior temporal scales are those belonging to the first vertical row imme-. . . . . Hrn. zoologischen, chen] Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin, Amphibians of Eastern and Central North America, Fourth Edition. Third supralabial scale does not extend dorsally to levels of nostrils (Fig. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Viviparous sea snakes are the most rapidly speciating reptiles known, yet the ecological factors underlying this radiation are poorly understood. . . . nasal scales, behind the rostral scale, and before the prefrontal scales. . . to be accessible not only to academic herpetologists, but also biologists of other subdisciplines, Philippine government natural resource officers, local area wildlife managers, ecotourists, the gen-. . ser. . Photo by N. Antoque. . . . . . . . . . . 6, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Any of the scales along the lower lip of the mouth behind the mental scale. . . 17 Canada 78 Mexico 71 North America EAST 139 North America WEST. Dorsal body scales in 17 longitudinal rows at midbody, 220–232 smooth ventral body scales, 2a. . . . . ary tree reveals long history on Gondwana. . Parietal scales not in contact with supralabial scales (Fig. - Volume 111 Issue 1116 -. . . . . . . . . . . . . The genera, 1964c. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Barangay Old Poblacion, Municipality of Buena Vista. California Kingsnake (Lampropeltis californiae) FUN FACT: The California kingsnake used to be a … . . . . . . Barangay Dinaayan, Municipality of Burauen, Leyte Province, Khao Luang National Park, Karome, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Barangay Babuyan Claro, Babuyan Island, Municipality of, Camiguin Norte Island, Municipality of Calayan, Cagayan, Barangay Irawan, Municipality of Puerto Princessa, Palawan, Barangay Pandan, Municipality of Mambajao, Camiguin, Barangay Dalipay, Municipality of Sorsogon, Sorsogon, Barangay Patag, Municipality of Silay, Negros Occi-, Barangay Cogon, Municipality of Irosin, Sorsogon. . . . Loreal scales absent; one or more preocular scales present and in contact with posterior nasal, scale (Fig. . . . . . . . . . Dorsal body scales smooth or keeled (Fig. . . . . . Light lateral body stripe continuous across angle of jaw to postocular region, 3a. . . . . Looks can be deceiving.Afield colleague recently picked up and photographed this innocent-looking snake in the belief it was a non-venomous species of . . . . . . . . . . Dorsal body scales in > 350 transverse rows between head and tail. . . . . 2b. . . . 13, . Contributions to a review of Philippine snakes, II. . . . . . . Cagayan and Isabela Provinces, northern Sierra Madre Mountain Range. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Neck width divided by width at widest part of body ≥ 0.57; maxillary teeth behind fangs, 12a. . . . Trophic specialization drives morphological evolution in sea snakes, A New Species of Long-glanded Coralsnake of the Genus Calliophis (Squamata: Elapidae) from Dinagat Island, with Notes on the Biogeography and Species Diversity of Philippine Calliophis and Hemibungarus, Discovery of an old, archipelago-wide, endemic radiation of Philippine snakes, Contributions to a Review of Philippine Snakes, I. . Levitonius mirus, new genus and species, has a maximum total length of 172 mm and is at present the smallest known species in Elapoidea. . . . around neck 17–23; ventral body scales of anterior part of body wider than adjacent scale rows; ventral body scales of posterior part of body are divided by a long longitudinal furrow, 15b. Number of supralabial scales usually six; number of anterior temporal scales two; no transverse. . . . . . . . . . Barangay Dibuluan, Municipality of San Mariano. . . . . . Adult dorsal color pattern uniform (lacking pale crossbands); number of ventral body scales +, 2b. . . . . . . . . . . We present species accounts for all taxa, comment on unresolved taxonomic problems, and provide revisions to outdated IUCN conservation status assessments in cases where our new data significantly alter earlier classification status summaries. . . . . . . . . . . . 14, . . . . 13B), and dorsal body scales in 13 longitudinal rows at midbody; (2) lateral, body scales in oblique rows (Fig. . . Width of neck > 1/2 width of widest part of body; anterior temporal scale one. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nasal scale large, round and undivided (Fig. . . . . . Dorsal body scales spinose (Fig. . . . . . . . . . . Dorsal body scales in 17 longitudinal rows at ventral 25, 1b. . . Scales in 21–25 longitudinal rows at midbody; three prefrontal scales (Fig. Conservation Status: Least… . . . . . . . . . Cream-colored bands on ventral body surface extend onto side of body, often to fourth dorsal, 1a. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41B); number of ventral body scales + subcaudal scales 183–207, 1a. . . . . . . . (CMNH 5075; drawn from photograph in Brown et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42–48 (females); white spots along lateral edge of ventral body scales prominent. . Number of subcaudal scales 87–107; number of ventral body scales + subcaudal scales < 330; adults lack distinctive black-edged white bars on side of body; juveniles usually with whitish. . . . . . . If divided, the scale anterior to the suture is called the prenasal scale. . . . . . Heat sensing pits present on the head (Fig. . . . . Snakes of the Philippines. Second supralabial scale (reddish brown). . 16, 16a. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . etal pattern (A), or notched parietal pattern (B). . . . . . 20, . . . . . . . . Fewer than eight black longitudinal stripes at midbody; not from Palawan, Balabac, and, 5a. . . . . . . . . The snakes of the gen-, 1965c. © 2008-2021 ResearchGate GmbH. . . . . . . . . . . (KU 324539): subcaudal scales single, not paired. . . . . . . . . snout to the vent along the midline of the body. . . . . 3–47; T, tially drawn using pencil on grid paper, and were then transferred to mylar film and redrawn with, specimens viewed under a dissecting microscope with camera lucida, from photographs of one or, more specimens, or from one or more photographs of living animals. . . . . . . 42A); usually eight supralabial scales, (rarely seven), with fifth and six (rarely fourth and fifth) supralabial scales bordering eye, (Fig. . . Frankfurt am Main, Germany. . . . . Diameter of eye equal to or greater than eye-mouth distance, 7a. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2a. . . . . . . . . . . Not considered life-threatening to people they are, of course, best left alone. . . . . . . . . Dorsal body scales in 14 longitudinal rows on anterior third of body; mid-dorsal body scales. . . . . The allopatric distributions of these taxa emphasize the systematic and biogeographicalsignificance of the newly discovered taxon: a poorly understood and independent colonization of the Philippine Archipelago by elapid snakes. . . . . . . Dorsal body scales in 26 longitudinal rows behind head; dorsal stripe ≥ 17 scale rows wide on, 5b. . . As an important economic natural resource in Southeast Asia, reticulated pythons (Malayopython reticulatus ssp.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Despite including the iconic mangrove snakes (Boiga dendrophila complex) and the brown tree snake (Boiga irregularis; infamous for avian extinctions on small islands of the Pacific), species-level phylogenetic relationships and the biogeographic history of this ecologically and morphologically distinct clade are poorly understood. . . . . Pasonanca Natural Park, Barangay Pasonanca. . . . . . . . . . Average Size: 3.6 feet. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1999, 2001; W, work (reviewed by Brown et al. . . . . . . The snakes of the genus, 1970b [1968]. . . . . 4, . . . . . Barangay Kimlawis, Municipality of Kiblawan, Barangay Guinmaayohan, Municipality of Balangi-. . . Dorsal head shape and scalation of (A), . Guide to Philippine Flora and Fauna. . . . . . . . . . 3, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Having or bearing papillae, or nipple-shaped protuberances. . . . . . . . In 2019, dozens of king cobras (Ophiophagus hannah) were killed in several provinces in the country during its breeding season (Cinco 2019). . 2018). . . . . . . . . . . . temporal scales (purplish-gray), postnasal scales (blue), prefrontal scales (reddish brown). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A, 2a. . . . . . . . . . . . . . , which has not previously been reported from the Philippines, because, ) recognized by earlier authors (Taylor 1922a, 1923; Leviton et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10, . . . . . . . . . . . Illustrated. . . . . . . . . . The survey questionnaire consisted of four parts: socio-demographics, knowledge (snake identification), attitudes and perception toward snakes, and their source of information. . . . . . . . Some awareness is needed that all snakes aren’t a threat and that they provide a needed balance to the ecosystem. Dorsal body scales in 13 longitudinal rows at midbody; vertebral scales not enlarged relative, 2a. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Dorsal body scales in 17 longitudinal rows at midbody; last ventral body scale (i.e., the scale, immediately before the precloacal scale) divided, 2b. . . . . . . . . . . Brown snakes spend a good deal of their lives underground or under rocks, leaf litter or logs. . . . . . . . . . . Loreal scale separated from or in contact with second supralabial scale; if loreal scale in, contact with second supralabial scale, their length of contact is less than half the length of, the contact between loreal and postnasal scales (Fig. Distribution of a little-known Sea Krait. . Lateral edge of supraocular scale not robust, and curves with contour of eye (Fig. . . . be excluded from the Philippine faunal list in future works as well. . . . . . Contributions to a review of Philippine snakes, X. . . . . Biogeography and Systematics of Philippine Snakes, Knowledge, Perception, and Attitudes of Students in Caraga Region Towards Philippine Snakes: Implications to Biodiversity Conservation, Diversity and distribution of amphibians and reptiles in the Caramoan Island Group, Maqueda Channel, Southern Luzon, Philippines, A New, Miniaturized Genus and Species of Snake (Cyclocoridae) from the Philippines, Systematics of Calliophis intestinalis with the Resurrection of Calliophis nigrotaeniatus (Elapidae, Serpentes), Phylogenetic relationships and biogeographic range evolution in cat-eyed snakes, Boiga (Serpentes: Colubridae), Diversity and distribution of amphibians and reptiles in the Caramoan Island Group (CIG), Maqueda Channel, Southern Luzon, Philippines, Contributions to a review of Philippine snakes, II. . . . . . . . Dorsal body scales in 15 longitudinal rows at midbody; vertebral scales enlarged relative to, 1b. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45A), 5b. . . Longitudinal scale rows around midbody 29–35; ventral body scales 278–325; dorsal surface, 16b. . . . Dorsal body scales pale, centers and posterior tips nearly without pigment; anterior edge of, each dorsal body scale with brown mottling; large areas of lateral portion of ventral body scales. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Although we provide insight into some distinguished problematic nodes, at the deeper phylogenetic scale, resolution of these nodes may require sampling of more slowly-evolving nuclear genes. . . . . . . . . . . . Fig. . 43B), 3a. Postocular scale absent (fused to ocular scale); maxillary teeth 10–12, 6b. . . . 3, 3a. . . . . . . The last systematic review and comprehensive key to the species of Philippine snakes was that, stituting a systematic revision of the archipelago’s fauna by Leviton (1957–1983) and colleagues, (Inger and Marx 1965; Malnate and Underwood 1988; Brown et al. . . . the worlds’ most heavily-traded snake species. . . . . . . . . Boiga, Calliophis, Malayopython, Cyclocorus, Hemibungarus, Oxyrhabdium, Myersophis, those interested in the evolutionary biology, biogeography. . . . Enlarged chin shields present, one or two pairs, 7a. . . . . . Here, we provide the largest-yet estimate of the snake tree of life using maximum likelihood on a supermatrix of 1745 taxa (1652 snake species + 7 outgroup taxa) and 9,523 base pairs from 10 loci (5 nuclear, 5 mitochondrial), including previously unsequenced genera (2) and species (61). Fig. . . . Longitudinal scale rows around thickest part of body 25–70, 2a. . 1). . . . . . . . . . . . . 6, . . . . xxvii + 1209 pp. . . . . . . . . . . . . Cream-colored bands on ventral body surface do not extend onto side of body above first dor-, 3b. . Precloacal scale not divided; ≥ 2 preocular scales, 1b. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . snake from Luzon Island, northern Philippines, with a synopsis of the genus, biogeographic range evolution in Cat-eyed Snakes, from the northern Philippines, with redescriptions of, on its distribution and variation, and a key to the genus. . Dorsal body scales in 21 longitudinal rows at midbody; body not emerald green in life, not blue, 4a. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . KU 310368); (D) body and tail length measurements of snakes; (E–G) scales of the head of most blindsnakes (, acters included in the dichotomous key to those that can be easily observed (scored) by examining, live or preserved specimens without dissection.